SBC Biotech Food Safety - Resources

Biotech Food Safety

Crop Biotechnology: feeds for livestock, BR Thomas, UC Davis, 21april2001
Crop Biotechnology: feeds for beef cattle, BR Thomas, UC Davis, 19april2001
Crop Biotechnology: feeds for the dairy industry, BR Thomas, UC Davis, 21march2001

News - GM Food Safety
Science Panel Says "StarLink" Protein Is Potential Allergen, US Dept State 27july2001
Additional Scientific Information Concerning StarLink Corn, OSCP: Scientific Advisory Panel 17july2001
Anti-Allergy Biotech, Writer Michael Fumento interviews Roy Fuchs may2001
GMO-Free Zone, Supermarket News 14may2001
UN agency discusses safety of GE food, FAO 06july2001
Codex Alimentarius Commission - Main page
UNDP Annual Report
Critique of Government/Industry Response to Contamination of Food by StarLink, Friends of the Earth 17july2001
Questions on CDC report "Starlink is not the cause of Allergies", biotechinfonet 28june2001
Feeding Genetically Modified Crops to Livestock
Scientific Journal Articles: General Safety and Safety Assessment of Specific Genetically Modified Crops
Food for thought IV, Food Allergens pg. 27
Cry9C Protein in StarLink™ corn, CDC 13june2001
U.S. Finds No Allergies to Altered Corn, NY Times 14june2001
ENTRANSFOOD, European network safety assessment of genetically modified food crops
Genetic Engineering and the Allergy Issue, Plant Physiology Online - Buchanan 126 (1): 5
COLUMN ONE: Fields of Gene Factories, LA Times 04june2001
Scientific American: News In Brief: Souped-Up Spuds Show Promise for Edible Vaccines: June 4, 2001
Potato Vaccine Protects Mice From Stomach Bugs, agbios 01june2001
A New Science: Accounting for Taste (washingtonpost.com) 29may2001
Ag Researchers In The United States Prepare To Harvest The World's first hypoallergenic wheat
Iberia Grains-Feed Compounders Want GMO Inputs (summary)
Heart health to benefit from GM, CSIRO 28may2001
Crumbs of comfort (hypoallergenic wheat), agbios 24may2001
Genteric Inc. - gene therapy via oral delivery
Alameda firm puts insulin dose in a pill, SF Chronicle 03may2001
No Difference Found in Animals Fed GMO Corn and Soybeans
Irradiation of Animal Feed, FDA 10april2001
Substantial Equivalence in Food Safety Assessment , Council for Biotechnology Information 11march2001
Bt Corn and Mycotoxins, Council for Biotechnology Information 04march2001
Animal Feed Safety , Council for Biotechnology Information 04march2001
What 60 Minutes Didn't Tell You about Biotech Food, Michael Fumento 22march2001
Anti-allergy Biotechnology, Michael Fumento 2001
U.S. Consumers and The American College of Nutrition Recognize the Potential of Food Biotechnology
Straight Talk about Biotechnology for the Livestock and Meat Industry, MA Faust 19april2000
Biotech Corn Is Test Case For Industry (washingtonpost.com) 19march2001
'Luddites' Get Some Ammunition, agnet 19march2001
The Risks on the Table, Scientific American April 2001

Government & NGOs
Evaluation of the U.S. Regulatory Process for Crops Developed through biotechnology, CAST oct2001
Food and Nutrition, FAO
Guidelines for the Assessment of Livestock Feed from Plants with Novel Traits - Canada
Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Feeds Regulations
Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Feeds Act
Genetically Modified Crops and Foods: A Report of the AMA Council on Scientific Affairs, ISB News jan2001
American Dietetic Association
ADA's Position on Biotechnology and the Future of Food
USDA - Agricultural Biotechnology
Biosafety Library, APHIS USDA
EPA - Biopesticides
FDA - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
USDA National Organic Standards - Final Rule
FDA - Voluntary Labeling Foods Have or Have Not Been Developed Using Bioengineering
Smith Report - Seeds of Opportunity 13april2000 (pdf)
Transgenic Plants and World Agriculture (by 7 national science academies) july2000
Draft Technical Critique of the Royal Society of Canada's Expert Panel Report on the Future of Food Biotechnology, Morris & Powell 07feb2001
Royal Society of Canada - The Future of Food Biotechnology
Safety aspects of genetically modified foods of plants origin, FAO/WHO 29may2000
White Paper on food safety (pdf), European Commission 01dec2000
Scientific Committee on Plants - Genetically Modified Organisms, European Commission
EU-U.S. Biotechnology Consultative Forum (pdf), dec2000
Research into the Potential Health Effects of GM Foods
Trade, Science and GM Food, Council on Foreign Relations Study Group 29jan2001
Food Safety Risk Analysis Clearinghouse
National Food Safety Database USA
Biosafety Bibliographical database, ICGEB Italy
Center for Veterinary Medicine FDA (animal feeds)
Biotechnology in animals and feeds, Center for Veterinary Medicine FDA
Food and Drug Law Institute
Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA & Univ Maryland
Food Safety Research Information Office at the National Agricultural Library
FDA/CFSAN Biotechnology
USAID Fact Sheet on Assessing Biotech Crops for Safety, US Dept State
Food Safety and Hygiene Bulletins, CSIRO Australia
The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Food Safety
Key Issues and Information Resources - Food Safety and Biotechnology
ACSH: Food Safety
IFIC - Food Safety & Nutrition Information

University
AgBiosafety - UNL's Source of Crop Biotechnology and Food Safety Information
Food Safety at Iowa State University Extension
Food Safety, Kansas St Univ
Food Safety Information from NC State
Nutrition Navigator - Tufts Univ
Center for Consumer Research UC Davis
California Institute of Food and Agricultural Research UC Davis
Food safety music - Carl Winter - UC Davis
Food Safety Consortium - Univ Arkansas, Iowa St Univ, Kansas St Univ
UGA College of Family and Consumer Sciences Cooperative Extension Service
FoodSafe Program, University of California, Davis
Dairy Food Safety Lab at VMTRC UC Davis
Dairy Food Safety Laboratory at UC Davis
Dairy Food Safety Laboratory vetmed.ucdavis
Food Safety Throughout the Food System, Penn State Dept Food Science april2001
Royal Agricultural College Library - Hot links - Food safety / biotechnology
Biotechnology Information for Food Safety Database

Feed Industry
American Feed Industry Association
National Grain and Feed Association
California Grain & Feed Association

Food Industry
Food Processors Institute
Institute of Food Science & Technology
Institute of Food Technologists
International Food Information Council Foundation

Magazines & Newsletters
Oklahoma Feed Commodity Bulletin

Biotech Concerns, Critics, Opponents
The Campaign to LabelGenetically Engineered Foods
Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Application of Science and Technology
Genetic Engineering and Its Dangers - Ron Epstein, SF St Univ
Agroecology, MA Altieri, UC Berkeley
Crops of Uncertain Nature - Controversies and Knowledge Gaps Concerning GM Crops, Plant Research Int BV 12Aug2000
Breeding Distrust: recommendations for improving regulation of plant derived GM foods, Consumer Federation of America 11jan2001
Critique of Government/Industry Response to Contamination of Food by StarLink, Friends of the Earth 17july2001

Mycotoxins
Food Research Institute Briefings: Fusarium Mycotoxins dec1997
Mycotoxin Prevention Cluster: Prevention of Mycotoxins Entering the Human and Animal Foodchain
Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet: (1996), pp. 1-18: Executive Summary, Nat'l Academy Press 1996.
Federal Register 65 FR 35945, June 6, 2000 -- Draft Guidance for Industry: Fumonisin Levels in Human
FDA/CFSAN: Draft Guidance for Industry: Fumonisin Levels in Human Foods and Animal Feeds
FDA/CVM - Background Paper in Support of Fumonisin Levels in Animal Feed
FDA/CFSAN Background Paper in Support of Fumonisin Levels in Corn and Corn Products Intended for Human Consumption
Researchers target aflatoxin in corn
Bt Corn: Less Insect Damage, Lower Mycotoxin Levels, Healthier Corn / April 26, 2000 / USDA Agricultural Research Service New cottons "pack a punch" against fungi, SeedQuest 17jan2001
APSnet feature story on genetically modified, insect resistant corn, APSnet 15oct1999

F Masoero et al 1999 Nutritive value, mycotoxin contamination and in vitro rumen fermentation of normal and genetically modified corn (Cry1A(B)) grown in northern Italy. Maydica 44, 205-209

Munkvold GP, Hellmich RL, Rice LG (1999) Comparison of fumonisin concentrations in kernels of transgenic Bt maize hybrids and nontransgenic hybrids. Plant Disease 83: 130-138.

Munkvold GP, Helmich RL, Showers WB (1997) Reduced Fusarium ear rot and symptomless infection in kernels of maize genetically engineered for European corn borer resistance. Phytopathology 87: 1071-1077.

Food Safety References
Scientific Journal Articles: General Safety and Safety Assessment of Specific Genetically Modified Crops

Evaluation of Allergenicity of genetically modified foods (pdf), FAO 25jan2001

Kimber, Ian; Dearman, Rebecca J..Food allergy: What are the issues?
In: Toxicology Letters (Shannon) March 31st, 2001. 120 (1-3): 165-170.

Taylor, Steve L.; Hefle, Susan L..Will genetically modified foods be allergenic?
In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology May, 2001. 107 (5): 765-771.

Hopkin, Karen.The risks on the table.
In: Scientific American April, 2001. 284 (4): 60-61.
Scientific American: The Risks on the Table: April 2001

Brown, Kathryn.Genetically modified foods: Are they safe.
In: Scientific American April, 2001. 284 (4): 51-57.

Kuiper, Harry A.; Kleter, Gijs A.; Noordam, Maryvon Y..Risks of
the release of transgenic herbicide-resistant plants with respect to humans,
animals, and the environment.
In: Crop Protection Sep.-Dec., 2000. 19 (8-10): 773-778.

Phipps, R. H.; Beever, D. E..New technology: Issues relating to
the use of genetically modified crops.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 2000. 9 (4): 543-561.

Rogan, Glennon J.; Bookout, Jeff T.; Duncan, David R.; Fuchs, Roy
L.; Lavrik, Paul B.; Love, Stephen L.; Mueth, Mike; Olson, Tammy; Owens,
Elizabeth D.; Raymond, Peter J.; Zalewski, James.Compositional analysis of
tubers from insect and virus resistant potato plants.
In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry December, 2000. 48 (12): 5936-5945.

Powell, Douglas A..Food safety and the consumer: Perils of poor risk communication.
Canadian Journal of Animal Science September, 2000. 80 (3): 393-404.

Archer, David B..Filamentous fungi as microbial cell factories for food use.
In: Current Opinion in Biotechnology October, 2000. 11 (5): 478-483.

Bonny, Sylvie.Consumer concerns about industrialized agriculture
and food safety: Importance, origin and possible solutions.
Annales de Zootechnie (Paris) May-June, 2000. 49 (3): 273-290.

O'Neill, Graeme.The media's role in the GMO furore.
Plant Protection Quarterly 2000. 15 (2): 85-86.

Stevens, Naomi.Regulatory overview: Challenges, changes, champions.
Plant Protection Quarterly 2000. 15 (2): 80-81.

Beringer, John E..Releasing genetically modified organisms: Will
any harm outweigh any advantage?.
In: Journal of Applied Ecology April, 2000. 37 (2): 207-214.

McHughen A. 2000. Pandora's Picnic Basket. Oxford Univ Press.

Kaeppler HF (2000) Food safety assessment of genetically modified crops. Agronomy Journal 92: 793-797

Martens MA (2000) Safety evaluation of genetically modified foods. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 73 suppl: S14-S18

Betz FS et al (2000) Safety and advantages of Bacillus thuringiensis-protected plants to control insect pests. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 32, 156-173

Safety aspects of genetically modified foods of plant origin (pdf), FAO 02june2000

Conner AJ, JME Jacobs. 2000. Food risks from transgenic crops in perspective. Nutrition 16: 709-711

Uzogara SG. 2000. The impact of genetic modification of human foods in the 21st century: a review. Biotechnology Advances 18, 179-206.

Powell, Douglas A. Food safety and the consumer: Perils of poor
risk communication. In: Canadian Journal of Animal Science September, 2000. 80
(3): 393-404.

Novak WK, AG Haslberger. 2000. Substantial equivalence of antinutrients and inherent plant toxins in genetically modified novel foods. Food and Chemical Toxicology 38: 473-483.

Bonny, Sylvie. Consumer concerns about industrialized agriculture
and food safety: Importance, origin and possible solutions. In: Annales de
Zootechnie (Paris) May-June, 2000. 49 (3): 273-290.

Momma K, W Hashimoto, H-J Yoon, S Ozawa, Y Fukuda, S Kawai, F Takaiwa, S Utsumi, K Murata. 2000. Safety assessment of rice genetically modified with soybean glycinin by feeding studies on rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64: 1881-1886

Pusztai, A, GS Bardocz, R Alonso, MJ Chrispeels, HE Schroeder, LM Tabe and TJV Higgins. 1999. Expression of the insecticidal bean alpha-amylase inhibitor transgene has minimal detrimental effect on the nutritional value of peas fed to rats at 30% of the diet. J Nutr 129: 1597-1603.

References - Feeding Transgenic Crops to Livestock
Livestock Performance: Feeding Biotech Crops, J. H. Clark and I. R. Ipharraguerre 2001
GM Food Animal Feeding Study References and Reviews, Zhang-Liang Chen 27feb2001
GM animal feed: Replacing myth with fact, Biolines vol 8 feb2001
Livestock Feed Terms Defined
Genetically modified crops - impact on meat, milk & eggs, FASS Fact Sheet jan2000 (pdf)
Biotech Feeds Undetectable in Food Products, ISB News jan2001
Livestock Studies - StarLink - Aventis

JH Clark, IR Ipharraguerre. 2001. Livestock performance: feeding biotech crops. J Dairy Sci 84(E. Suppl.):E9-E18

POULTRY: Insect -Protected Corn

Aulrich, K., I. Halle and G. Flachowsky. 1998. Inhaltsstoffe und Verdaulichkeit von Maiskörnen der Sorte Cesar und der gentechnisch veränderten Bt-hybride bei Legenhennen. Proc Einfluss von Erzeugung und Verarbeitung auf die Qualität laudwirtschaftlicher Produkte (VDLUFA) Kongre8band 1998 110. VDLUFA-Kongre8. 14.-18.09.1998. Gie8en, 465-468.

Brake, J. and D. Vlachos. 1998. Evaluation of event 176 "Bt" corn in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 77:648-653.

Halle, I., K. Aulrich and G. Flachowsky. 1998. Einsatz von Maiskörnen der Sorte Cesar und des gentechnisch veränderten Bt-Hybriden in der Broiler mast. Proc. 5. Tagung, Schweine- und Geflhgelernährung, 01,-03.12.1998, Wittenberg p 265-267.

Leeson, S. 1998. The effect of corn hybrid CBH351 on the growth of male broiler chickens. Review of Leeson, S. 1998

Mireles, Jr., A., S. Kim, R. Thompson and B. Amundsen. 2000. GMO (Bt) Corn is Similar in Composition and Nutrient Availability to Broilers as Non-GMO Corn. Poultry Sci. 79 (Suppl. 1): 65-66. Abstract 285.

POULTRY: Herbicide -Tolerant Corn

B`hme, H. and K. Aulrich. 1999. Inhaltsstoffe und Verdaulichkeit von transgenen Zuckerrben bzw. Krnermais im Vergleich zu den isogenen Sorten beim Schwein. (Ingredients and digestibility of transgenic sugar beets and corn in comparision to the isogenic varieties in the case of pigs). VDLUFA Conference Proceedings 1999, 111th VDLUFA Conference, 13-17 September 1999, Halle/Saale.

Sidhu, R.S., B.G. Hammond, R.L. Fuchs, J.N. Mutz, L.R. Holden, B. George and T. Olson. 2000. Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn: The Composition and Feeding Value of Grain from Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn is Equivalent to That of Conventional Corn (Zea Mays L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 48:2305-2312.

POULTRY: Herbicide - Tolerant Soybeans

Ash, J.A., S.E. Scheideler and C.L. Novak. 2000. The Fate of Genetically Modified Protein from Roundup ReadyÒ Soybeans in the Laying Hen. Poultry Sci. 79 (Suppl. 1):26. Abstract 111.

Hammond, B., J. Vicini, G. Hartnell, M.W. Naylor, C.D. Knight, E. Robinson, R. L. Fuchs, and S.R. Padgetteet al. 1996. The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance. J. Nutr. 126: 717-727.

Khumnirdpetch, V., U. Intarachote, S. Treemanee, S. Tragoonroong and S. Thummabood. 2001. Detection of GMOs in the broilers that utilized genetically modified soybean meals as a feed ingredient. Plant & Animal Genome IX Conference, Town & Country Hotel, San Diego, January 13-17, 2001 San Diego, CA (Abstr.)(Poster 585)

POULTRY: Heat-stable glucanase Barley

von Wettstein D, G Mikhaylenko, JA Froseth, CG Kannangara. 2000. Improving barley broiler feed with transgenic malt conatining heat-stable (1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 13512-13517

SWINE: Insect - Protected Corn

Grower-Finisher Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs Fed GM "Bt" Corn, Purdue 2000 Swine Day Report

Weber, T.E., B.T. Richert, D.C. Kendall, K.A. Bowers and C.T. Herr. 2000. Grower-Finisher Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs Fed Genetically Modified "Bt" Corn. Purdue University 2000 Swine Day Report.

SWINE: Herbicide - Tolerant Sugar Beets

CATFISH: Herbicide - Tolerant Soybeans

BEEF: Insect - Protected Corn

Utilization of Bt corn hybrids in growing beef steers, pg 39, 2001 Nebraska Beef Report

Daenicke, R., D. Gädeken and K. Aulrich. 1999. Einsatz von Silomais herkömmlicher Sorten und der gentechnisch veränderten Bt Hybriden in der Rinderfhtterung - Mastrinder - Tagungsband des. 12, Maiskolloquiums am 27./28.03.1999 in Wittenberg . 40-42.

Daenicke, R., K. Aulrich and G. Flachowsky. 1999. GMO in animal feedstuffs: Nutritional properties of Bt-maize unaffected. Mais, September 1999, pp. 135-137.

Folmer, J.D. G.E. Erickson, C.T. Milton, T.J. Klopfenstein and J.F. Beck. 2000b. Utilization of Bt corn residue and corn silage for growing beef steers. J. Animal Sci. 78 (Suppl. 2):85 Abstract 271.

Hendrix, K.S., A.T. Petty, and D.L. Lofgren. 2000. Feeding value of whole plant silage and crop residues from Bt or normal corns. J. Anim. Sci. 78(Suppl.1):273 Abstract 1146.

Russell, J. and T. Peterson. 1999. Bt corn and non-Bt corn crop residues equal in grazing value. Extension News, June 30, 1999. Iowa State University Extension, Ames.

Russell, J.R., M.J. Hersom, A. Pugh, K. Barrett and D. Farnham. 2000. Effects of grazing crop residues from bt-corn hybrids on the performance of gestating beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 78 (Suppl. 2):79-80 Abstract 244.

Russell, J.R., D. Farnham, R.K. Berryman, M.J. Hersom, A. Pugh and K. Barrett. 2000. Nutritive value of the crop residues from bt-corn hybrids and their effects on performance of grazing beef cows. 2000 Beef Research Report -Iowa State University. p 56-61.

DAIRY COWS: Insect - Protected Corn

Faust, M. and L. Miller. 1997. Study finds no Bt in milk. IC-478. Fall Special Livestock Edition. pp 6-7. Iowa State University Extension, Ames, Iowa.

Folmer, J.D., R.J. Grant, C.T. Milton and J.F. Beck. 2000a. Effect of Bt corn silage on short-term lactational performance and ruminal fermentation in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83 (5):1182 Abstract 272.

Mayer, J. and K. Rutzmoser. 1999. Einsatz von Silomais herkömmlicher sorten und der gentechnisch veränderten Bt-hybriden in der Rinderfütterung: - bei Milchkühen. 12 Maiskilloquium, pp.36-39.

DAIRY COWS: Herbicide - Tolerant Corn

Donkin, S.S., J.C. Velez, E.P. Stanisiewski and G.F. Hartnell. 2000. Effect of feeding Roundup Ready corn silage and grain on feed intake, milk production and milk composition in lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83 (Suppl 1):273 Abstract 1144.

DAIRY COWS: Herbicide - Tolerant Soybeans

SHEEP: Insect - Protected Corn

Daenicke, R., D. Gädeken and K. Aulrich. 1999. Einsatz von Silomais herkömmlicher Sorten und der gentechnisch veränderten Bt Hybriden in der Rinderfhtterung - Mastrinder -Tagungsband des. 12, Maiskolloquiums am 27./28.03.1999 in Wittenberg . 40-42.

Daenicke, R., K. Aulrich and G. Flachowsky. 1999. GMO in animal feedstuffs: Nutritional properties of Bt-maize unaffected. Mais, September 1999, pp. 135-137.

Daenicke, R., K. Aulrich and G. Flachowsky. 2000. Untersuchungen zum Futterwert von Zuckerrhben und Zuckerrhbenblattsilage von isogenen und transgenen Pflanzen an Hammeln. 112. VDLUFA, Stuttgart, 18. - 22. 09.2000 (Abstract)(in press).

Mayer, J. and K. Rutzmoser. 1999. Einsatz von Silomais herkömmlicher sorten und der gentechnisch veränderten Bt-hybriden in der Rinderfütterung: - bei Milchkühen. 12 Maiskilloquium, pp.36-39.

Sheep Thriving In Feeding Trial Of Genetically modified lupins, CSIRO 02jan2001

GENERAL:

Aulrich, K., R. Daenicke, I. Halle and G. Flachowsky. 1999. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zum Einstatz von herk`mmlichem und Bt-Mais in der Geflhgel- und Wiederk@uerern@hrung. (VDLUFA) Kongre8band 1999 111. VDLUFA-Kongre8. 13.-17.09.1999. Halle/Saale, 285-288.

Cieslak, D. 2000. Implications of GMO's For Animal Nutrition and the Feed Industry. 61th Minnesota Nutrition Conference & Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council Technical Symposium, September 19-20, 2000, Bloomington, MN. Conference Proceedings p 72-77.

Flachowsky, G. and K. Aulrich. 1999. Tierern@hrung und Gentechnisch ver@nderte Organismen, Landbauforschung V`lkenrode, H.1, 13-20.

Flachowsky, G., K. Aulrich R. Daenicke, H. B`hme. 1999. Gentechnisch ver@nderte Produkte (GVO) in der Tierern@hrung. LAF Information Lectures from the conferences. Vol.7 (1999) No. 2 (ISSN 0944-5358) p 96-115.

Flachowsky, G., K. Aulrich R. Daenicke, H. B`hme. 2000. Genetically modified feeds (GMO) in animal nutrition. 51st EAAP Meeting, Den Haag (Netherlands), 21. - 24. Aug 2000.

Hartnell, G.F. 2000. Benefits of Biotech Crops For Livestock Feed. Proceedings 2000 Cornell Nutrition Conference For Feed Manufacturers. October 24-26, 2000, Rochester Marriott Thruway Hotel, Rochester, NY. P 46-56.

Masero, F., M. Moschini, F. Rossi, A. Prandini, and A. Pietri. (1999). Nutritive value mycotoxin contamination and in vitro rumen fermentation of normal and genetically modified corn (cry1A(b)) grown in Italy. Maydica 44:205-209.

Owens, F and S. Soderlund. 2000. Speciality Grains for Ruminants. 61th Minnesota Nutrition Conference & Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council Technical Symposium, September 19-20, 2000, Bloomington, MN. Conference Proceedings p 98-113.

Sauber, T. 2000. Performance of Soybean Meals Produced From Genetically Enhanced Soybeans. 61th Minnesota Nutrition Conference & Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council Technical Symposium, September 19-20, 2000, Bloomington, MN. Conference Proceedings p 44-51.

Stilborn, H.L. 1999. The Future of Designer Grains For Nonruminants. 60th Minnesota Nutrition Conference & ZinPro Technical Symposium, September 20-22, 1999, Bloomington, MN. Conference Proceedings p 144.

Seed Biotechnology Center